There are a number of reasons a person may experience bleeding gums. Most adults will experience bleeding gums at some point and it will usually resolve itself with a little extra care; however, bleeding gums can be a symptom of an underlying medical condition. If you experience bleeding gum tissue frequently, you should see your dentist as soon as possible for an evaluation.
Why are my gums bleeding?
The number one cause of bleeding gums in adult patients is gum disease. Practicing good oral hygiene regularly and visiting your dentist at least twice a year is the best way to prevent gum disease. Some patients are more susceptible to gum disease and can benefit from more frequent professional cleanings.
Underlying medical conditions can also cause the gum tissue to bleed so it really is important to consult your dentist so you can get down to the bottom of it.
Stages of Gum Disease
Gingivitis
Gingivitis is the early stage of gum disease, identified by puffy, swollen gums that bleed when you floss and brush. It is a common issue and is most often caused by a buildup of plaque at the gum line.
Periodontitis
Gingivitis can progress into periodontitis pretty quickly. Periodontitis is a long-term gum condition that can cause damage to the gum tissue, bone structure, and even lead to tooth loss. When the tissue is infected, the gums will begin to recede, leading to sensitivity at the root and can be very painful.
Periodontitis can cause mobility or shifting, leading to crowding or spacing. Another symptom of advanced gum disease is chronic bad breath and a bad taste in your mouth that does not go away after oral care. Treating periodontitis is much easier if it is caught early. A deep cleaning, or scaling and root planing, is often the first treatment followed up with maintenance cleanings three to four times a year to keep everything healthy.
Underlying Medical Conditions
Vitamin Deficiencies
A vitamin C deficiency can prevent gum tissue from repairing itself and vitamin K is vital to the clotting process so the bleeding can stop.
Diabetes and Cancers
Diabetes can make it more difficult for the body to fight off infection which includes gum disease. The high blood sugar levels that accompany diabetes make it harder for your body to heal.
Some cancers may have bleeding gum tissue as a symptom, such as Leukemia. Leukemia causes a low platelet count which is what enables the body to create a clot.
Other Causes
* Using a toothbrush that is too hard and/or brushing too hard
* If you are new to flossing, bleeding will resolve as your gums become accustomed to flossing
* Medications, such as blood thinners
* Pregnancy gingivitis, which usually resolves after birth
* Old dentures or other dental prosthesis that do not fit well
Though bleeding gums are common, if you experience bleeding that persists for more than a week or two, you should see your dentist for diagnosis and treatment as soon as possible.