For people with well-managed diabetes, dental implants can be an optimal, beneficial choice for replacing one or more missing teeth, helping the patient maintain the healthy diet necessary for effective control of diabetes and reducing the likelihood of inflammation and infection that can accompany traditional dentures or gum disease. If a person has uncontrolled diabetes, however, dental implants are not recommended. Dental implants may also be riskier for older patients with diabetes, whose ability to fight inflammatory infection may have weakened over time. If you have type one or type two diabetes and are missing one or more of your natural teeth, your dentist and primary care doctor can work with you to determine whether dental implants are a good idea for your dental replacement needs. There are several different factors to consider when deciding whether dental implants will be a safe, reliable option for patients with diabetes.
One of the first considerations is whether the patient has type one or type two diabetes. It can be more challenging to keep type one diabetes under control, which means that there are slightly higher failure risks associated with type 1 diabetes when compared with type two diabetes. Type one diabetics can certainly still be eligible for dental implants in many cases; your dentist will thoroughly review your medical history and your dental records to determine your body’s predisposition to infection and its prospective healing abilities. Older patients who have had diabetes for long periods of their lives may be more prone to slower healing times and increased risk of infection, and in general, dentists recommend getting dental implants earlier than later for patients with diabetes. There is no exact age determinant, however, so it’s worth it to discuss dental implants with your dentist no matter what – it can’t hurt to ask.
Multiple studies have indicated that patients with effectively controlled diabetes face no greater risk of implant failure or complications with dental implants than patients with no diabetes at all. These same studies have shown that patients with unmanaged diabetes have increased rates of infection following implant placement, as well as increased rates of implant failure. The dental implant procedure involves surgery to place implants into the bones of the jaw. These implants are tiny cylinders made of medical-grade material that is chosen for its biocompatibility and its attraction to natural bone. As the bone heals around the implants, it fuses with the implant post; this process is called osseointegration, and it is integral to the success of the dental implants, as it creates a strong, durable support for a dental prosthetic. The gums heal around the implant, too, protecting the implant and supporting the natural-looking dental prosthetic. The process of osseointegration takes a few months in the best of cases; because this is a healing process, in which the bone tissue itself is healing, and because healing processes can take longer for patients with diabetes, osseointegration can take considerably longer, if it occurs at all. Your dentist can work with you on developing a plan to control your diabetes and ensure its continued management, periodically reassessing the health of your oral cavity and your overall health to decide when you might be ready to safely receive dental implants.
When a person’s diabetes is controlled, they have a greater chance of being good dental implant candidates, but they may still have other health issues that can affect the success of dental implants. You and your dentist will discuss all possible considerations at your initial consultation for dental implants. If you have a health condition or other risk factor, your dentist may determine that you are not a good candidate for dental implants at that particular point in time. In most cases, however, your dentist can work with you to create an action plan that can prepare you for a successful dental implant procedure in the future. Whether you have diabetes or not, if you have existing gum disease or periodontal disease, your dentist will work with other members of your implant team to treat existing disease before implants can safely be placed. If you have lost bone due to periodontal disease or if you have low bone density for other reasons, your dentist will discuss bone grafting options that might exist for you and may include bone grafts in your implant treatment plan. Treating periodontal disease and healing from additional surgical procedures, like bone grafts, will increase the overall treatment time for dental implants.
Your dental implant team will also assess whether you’re likely to properly follow aftercare procedures and whether your habits or other characteristics will increase your risk of implant failure. For example, the risk of dental implant failure for smokers is considerably higher than for non-smokers. Smokers heal more slowly than non-smokers, and smoking itself compromises healing through the sucking action itself as well as the introduction of harmful chemicals into the oral cavity. Smokers must commit to quitting for the entirety of the dental implant treatment process, which can take several months or longer, depending on other preexisting risk conditions. People who have taken certain medications or have been treated for oral cancer may face an increased risk of implant failure, and medical conditions that affect the immune system can also compromise the ability to heal following dental implant placement.
When all of these factors are considered and addressed and healthy patients with managed diabetes do get dental implants, the implants can help the patient maintain their health for a lifetime. Doctors recommend that patients with diabetes eat a whole-foods diet, including lots of fresh vegetables, which requires a lot of chewing. It can be a challenge to chew effectively if you’re missing teeth or if your existing teeth or gums are infected, but dental implants make it as easy to chew and enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods. With the proper care, dental implants remain securely anchored in the bone and supported by the gums, supporting a dental restoration that’s as strong and stable as a healthy natural tooth. If you’ve already tried traditional removable dentures or removable bridges to replace missing teeth, you know that they can move around and rub the gums, making it painful or sometimes even impossible to eat foods that require the teeth to grind, pull, or tear. Unfortunately, these foods are usually the most nutritious, like fibrous vegetables and lean proteins. Instead of dealing with the difficulties caused by eating these foods, many people with removable dental restorations choose to eat a diet of softer foods, like white bread, mashed potatoes, and other refined carbohydrates that are easy to eat – and that make it more challenging to keep the blood sugar at healthy levels.